A Parent’s Guide to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) in Children

Seasonal Affective Disorder in Kids

As a mum, I’ve always prided myself on being attuned to my children’s needs and moods. But when my youngest started showing signs of persistent low mood and irritability as autumn rolled in, I found myself at a loss.

It wasn’t until a visit to our GP that I learned about Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and how it can affect children.

This experience opened my eyes to a condition I knew little about, and I felt compelled to share what I’ve learned with other parents who might be facing similar challenges.

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder, often abbreviated as SAD, is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern. While it can occur at any time of year, it’s most commonly associated with the autumn and winter months. As the days grow shorter and darker, some people – including children – may experience a significant dip in mood and energy levels.

Unlike other types of depression, SAD has a clear temporal pattern. Symptoms typically begin to appear as the seasons change and lift once the days start to lengthen again. This cyclical nature is what sets SAD apart from other mood disorders.

The Science

While researchers are still working to fully understand the mechanisms behind SAD, there are several theories about its causes:

  • Disruption of circadian rhythms due to reduced sunlight
  • Changes in serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter that affects mood
  • Alterations in melatonin production, which regulates sleep patterns

These factors can work together to create a perfect storm of mood disruption, particularly in individuals who may be more susceptible to seasonal changes.

Recognising SAD in Children

Recognising seasonal affective disorder

When I first noticed changes in my child’s behaviour, I didn’t immediately connect it to the changing seasons. However, looking back, the signs were there. Here are some key indicators that parents should watch out for:

Mood Changes

  • Increased irritability or crankiness
  • Persistent sadness or low mood
  • Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness

Behavioural Shifts

  • Withdrawal from social activities
  • Loss of interest in previously enjoyed hobbies
  • Difficulty concentrating or completing tasks

Physical Symptoms

  • Changes in sleep patterns (usually oversleeping)
  • Increased fatigue or low energy
  • Changes in appetite, often with cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods

Academic Impact

  • Declining grades or school performance
  • Trouble focusing in class
  • Reluctance to attend school

It’s important to note that these symptoms must persist for at least two weeks and show a clear seasonal pattern to be considered SAD. If you notice these changes in your child, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.

How it Can Impact Children’s Lives

Seasonal Affective Disorder can have far-reaching effects on a child’s life, extending beyond just their mood. I’ve seen firsthand how it can touch every aspect of their day-to-day experiences:

Social Relationships

Children with SAD may find it challenging to maintain friendships or engage in social activities. They might withdraw from playdates or after-school clubs, leading to feelings of isolation.

Family Dynamics

The mood changes associated with SAD can strain family relationships. Siblings may struggle to understand the affected child’s behaviour, and parents might find themselves walking on eggshells to avoid conflicts.

Academic Performance

Concentration difficulties and low energy can significantly impact a child’s schoolwork. This may lead to a drop in grades and increased stress about academic performance.

Physical Health

The tendency to oversleep and crave comfort foods can affect a child’s physical health. They might be less inclined to participate in sports or outdoor activities, leading to a more sedentary lifestyle during the winter months.

Self-Esteem

As children struggle with the symptoms of SAD, they may begin to feel different from their peers or disappointed in themselves for not being able to “snap out of it”. This can have a lasting impact on their self-esteem and self-image.

Understanding these impacts has been crucial in helping me support my child through their SAD journey. It’s not just about managing symptoms; it’s about addressing the ripple effects on their overall well-being.

Diagnosis

Seasonal Affective Disorder Diagnosis

Getting a proper diagnosis for SAD in children can be challenging, as the symptoms can mimic other conditions or be dismissed as typical “winter blues”.

The first step is usually a visit to your GP. They will likely ask about your child’s symptoms, when they started, and if there’s a pattern to their occurrence.

Your GP may perform tests to rule out other potential causes of your child’s symptoms, such as thyroid problems or vitamin deficiencies.

In some cases, your child may be referred to a mental health professional for a more in-depth evaluation. This can involve questionnaires and interviews to assess the severity and nature of the symptoms.

Diagnostic Criteria

For a diagnosis of seasonal affective disorder, symptoms must:

  • Occur during specific seasons (usually autumn/winter)
  • Fully remit during other seasons
  • Have occurred for at least two consecutive years

Challenges in Diagnosing Children

Diagnosing SAD in children can be particularly tricky because:

  • Children may struggle to articulate their feelings
  • Symptoms can be mistaken for behavioural issues or academic struggles
  • The seasonal pattern may not be immediately obvious in younger children

As a parent, keeping a detailed record of your child’s moods and behaviours throughout the year can be incredibly helpful in identifying patterns and assisting with diagnosis.

Treatment Options

Once my child was diagnosed with SAD, I was relieved to learn that there are several effective treatment options available. The approach often involves a combination of therapies tailored to the individual child’s needs.

Light Therapy

One of the primary treatments for SAD is light therapy, which involves exposure to a special light box that mimics natural outdoor light. This can help regulate the body’s circadian rhythms and boost mood.

  • Sessions typically last 20-30 minutes daily
  • Best used in the morning to simulate sunrise
  • Should be used under medical supervision

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

CBT can be particularly effective for children with SAD. It helps them identify negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies.

  • Teaches skills to manage SAD symptoms
  • Can provide long-term benefits beyond the SAD season
  • May be adapted for younger children through play therapy

Medication

In some cases, especially for older children or teens with severe symptoms, antidepressants may be prescribed.

  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are commonly used
  • Medication is typically used in conjunction with other therapies
  • Close monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential

Lifestyle Changes

Making certain lifestyle adjustments can significantly help manage SAD symptoms:

  • Encouraging regular exercise
  • Ensuring a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
  • Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule
  • Maximising exposure to natural light during the day

Alternative Therapies

Some families find complementary therapies helpful, though it’s important to discuss these with your healthcare provider:

  • Vitamin D supplements (if deficient)
  • Aromatherapy
  • Mindfulness and meditation practices

Remember, what works for one child may not work for another. It’s often a process of trial and error to find the right combination of treatments.

Supporting Your Child at Home

Mum Playing with Son

Beyond formal treatments, there’s a lot we can do as parents to support our children with SAD at home. Here are some strategies I’ve found helpful:

Creating a Supportive Environment

  • Keep your home well-lit, especially in the mornings
  • Encourage outdoor activities during daylight hours
  • Create cosy, comforting spaces for relaxation

Maintaining Routines

  • Stick to regular meal and bedtime schedules
  • Establish a consistent homework routine
  • Plan regular family activities to look forward to

Encouraging Healthy Habits

  • Promote a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Limit sugary snacks and drinks, which can affect mood and energy levels
  • Encourage regular exercise, even if it’s just a short walk after school

Stress Management

  • Teach relaxation techniques like deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation
  • Help your child identify and manage stressors
  • Consider introducing age-appropriate mindfulness practices

Social Connections

  • Arrange playdates or social activities, even if your child is reluctant
  • Encourage participation in winter sports or indoor group activities
  • Help maintain connections with friends and family through video calls if in-person meetups are challenging

Remember, supporting a child with SAD requires patience and understanding. There may be good days and bad days, but consistency in your support can make a world of difference.

Educating Others

One of the challenges I faced when my child was diagnosed with SAD was explaining the condition to others. Many people, including some family members and teachers, were unfamiliar with SAD, especially in children. Here’s how I approached educating others:

Family Members

  • Shared reputable resources about SAD
  • Explained how it affects our child specifically
  • Discussed ways they could offer support

Teachers and School Staff

  • Arranged a meeting to discuss the diagnosis
  • Provided information from our healthcare provider
  • Worked together to create accommodations if needed (e.g., seating near windows, flexibility with deadlines during difficult periods)

Child’s Friends and Their Parents

  • Explained SAD in age-appropriate terms
  • Encouraged understanding and inclusion
  • Suggested activities that could help (e.g., outdoor playdates on sunny days)

Raising General Awareness

  • Shared our experience on social media (with my child’s permission)
  • Participated in local mental health awareness events
  • Considered starting a support group for parents of children with SAD

By educating others, we not only created a more supportive environment for our child but also helped raise awareness about SAD in children more broadly.

The Power of Understanding

As you and your child learn more about seasonal affective disorder, you’ll become better equipped to manage it effectively. Knowledge truly is power when it comes to mental health.

Remember, every small step forward is a victory. By working together with your child, healthcare providers, and support network, you can help your child thrive despite the challenges of SAD.

In sharing my family’s experiences, I hope to offer support and information to other parents who might be facing similar challenges. Remember, you’re not alone in this, and with the right support and strategies, your child can learn to manage their SAD effectively. If you suspect your child might be experiencing SAD, don’t hesitate to reach out to your GP or a mental health professional for guidance. Together, we can raise awareness and support for children affected by this often-overlooked condition.